European Union is a USD 5.3 Tn import market, which is largely serviced by exporters from China, US and European countries like Germany, Netherlands, France, Italy, Belgium, and UK. European Union’s imports have grown at a CAGR of 6% from USD 4.5 Trillion in 2016 to USD 5.8 Trillion in 2019. It dropped to USD 5 Trillion in 2020 due to the outbreak of the COVID, that led to disrupted global supply chains.
Germany is the largest exporter for the EU market with 13% of the total imports by European Union, followed by China that accounts for 9% of the total imports by the EU market. The top 10 countries contributing approximately 58% of total imports by the country other than Germany and China are Netherlands (6%), France (5%), US (5%), Italy (5%), Belgium (4%), UK (4%), Spain (3%) and Poland (3%). India is the 5th largest exporter to European Union among the Asian countries. On an average, India contributes to 1% of European Union’s imports. A detailed list of key countries exporting to European Union is attached in annexure 01.
Among the EU countries, France (23%), Germany (12%) and Netherlands (10%) contributes to 44% of the total imports within the union. Other countries with an appreciable share of imports within the union are Italy (9%), Belgium (8%), Spain (7%) and Poland (5%).
Germany is the largest importer for the EU market, that accounts for importing 13% of the export done by the Union. Germany is followed France (7%), US (7%) and UK (6%). The other countries accounting for importing an appreciable percentage of exports from the Union are Italy (5%), Netherlands (5%), Belgium (4%), China (4%), and Spain (4%).
Among the European Union countries, the top 3 exporters are Germany (26%), Netherlands (10%), and France (10%). The top 10 exporter from the Union apart from Germany, Netherlands and France are Italy (9%), Belgium (8%), Spain (6%), Poland (5%), Czech republic (4%), Ireland (3%) and Austria (3%).
Generalized Scheme of Preference (GSP) is a program that helps to design and promote economic growth in developing countries. GSP is applicable in EU countries the import duties of the products that are entering the EU and exporters are certain developing countries, in such cases the import duties are waived off. And India falls in GSP, enabling exporters to be exempted from the import duties or reduced import duties.
European Union in general imports USD 5.32 Trillion worth of products on an average basis. Of that the leading sectors that contribute to 64% of European Union’s imports are Machinery & equipment, Vehicles & auto-components, Electricals & electronics, mineral fuels, Iron and steel articles, Plastics & its articles, and Optical, photographic devices, Organic Chemicals, Gems and Jewelry and Pharmaceutical products.
India’s export to the European union stands at USD 43 billion averaged over the period for 2019-2021. And 2021 itself, India export USD 23 Billion worth of products to the Union. India’s share in the country’s imports has remain steady at 0.9% from 2016 to 2019, with a drop to 0.8% in 2020. The top 5 states contributing 68% of the total exports from India to the Union are Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Uttar Pradesh
India’s exports to European Union are characterized by exports of the following top 10 sectors: Iron and steel, Machinery, electricals & electronics, vehicles & auto-components, organic chemicals, Mineral fuels, Organic Chemicals, Plastic articles, Pharmaceuticals, Apparels, Gems & Jewelry etc. as shown in table below. The table also discusses the percentage share of the sector in India’s exports to European Union and the contribution of India’s exports in European Union’s total imports of that sector at a HS 2 level. The sectors highlighted in yellow are the key sectors identified for driving exports growth from Uttar Pradesh.
| Sector | India’s exports to European Union, (USD Mn) |
% share of sector in India’s exports globally | % share of sector in India’s exports globally % share of India’s exports to European Union’s imports |
|---|---|---|---|
| HS 27: Mineral fuels | 2,478 | 13.2% | 11.4% |
| HS 72 & 73: Iron & Steel articles | 2,250 | 6.5% | 10.4% |
| HS 29: Organic Chemicals | 1,916 | 5.7% | 8.8% |
| HS 61 & 62: Apparels | 1,751 | 4.4% | 8.1% |
| HS 84: Machinery & Equipment | 1,700 | 6.4% | 7.8% |
| HS 85: Electricals & Electronics | 1,291 | 4.7% | 6.0% |
| HS 71: Gems & Jewelry | 1,171 | 10.2% | 5.4% |
| HS 30: Pharmaceuticals | 778 | 5.3% | 3.6% |
| HS 87: Vehicles & Auto-components | 741 | 4.9% | 3.4% |
| HS 39: Plastic articles | 509 | 2.3% | 2.3% |
| Total exports (3 year average) | USD 343 Bn |
The exports from Uttar Pradesh to European Union grew at a CAGR of 10% in the last 5 years. Uttar Pradesh exported a total of ~USD 4 Billion worth of commodities to European Union in 2021 which grew from USD 2 Billion in 2017. The exports from UP to European Union dropped to USD 1.7 Billion in 2020 due to the Covid scenario but it rebounded back with 127% in 2021, indicating that the market has a high potential for growth in the future.
10 select sectors contributed to approximately 77% of UP’s exports to European Union during the last 3 years. The sector marked with yellow has high export percentage than other products that are being imported by European Union from UP. The table below summarizes the top 10 products exported from UP to European Union:
| HS code | Product description | Value of Exports by UP (in USD Mn) | % share in UP’s exports to European Union | Growth rate of exports from UP to European Union | Growth rate of exports from UP to all markets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 61 & 62 | Apparesl | 1,597 | 21% | -12% | -4.8% |
| 85 | Electricals & Electronics | 2,774 | 14% | 107% | 9.4% |
| 64 & 42 | Leather goods and Footwear | 1,044 | 19% | 1% | 2% |
| 57 | Carpets and other floor coverings | 547 | 4% | 14% | 9.5% |
| 72 & 73 | Iron & Steel articles | 736 | 7% | 40% | 50.6% |
| 29 | Organic chemicals | 484 | 4% | 6% | -1.8% |
| 84 | Machinery & Equipment | 611 | 3% | 26% | 9% |
| 87 | Vehicles & Auto-components | 493 | 3% | 32% | 19.9% |
| 76 | Aluminum products | 556 | 3% | 11% | 8.2% |
| 94 | Furnitures | 347 | 2% | 37% | 36.8% |
Select sectors are identified as potential opportunities which may drive growth of exports from Uttar Pradesh to European Union. The sectors are selected based on the import demand in European Union, India’s exports to European Union and UP’s exports to European Union.
The priority sectors shortlisted are classified into two categories, based on the relevant strategy for export promotion. The sectors with significant manufacturing and exports volume to European Union are strategically selected for scaling up of exports. The sectors with appreciable manufacturing volume, but low level of exports from UP to European Union are selected for market diversification into European Union. The table below summarizes the top 10 sectors shortlisted for UP’s exporters who intend to undertake exports in European Union. Gems & Jewellery, Vehicles & auto-components, electricals & electronics, plastics & its articles, apparels, furniture and articles of iron & steel are shortlisted for scaling up in UK. Similarly, Machinery, mechanical appliances & equipment, pharmaceutics and Optical, photographic, cinematographic & medical instruments are shortlisted for market diversification into UK. A comprehensive detail for the select 10 sectors at a HS 6 level is described in annexure 3.
| HS code | Product Description | Value imported by European Union (USD Mn) | Exports from India to European Union (USD Mn) | UP’s exports to European Union (USD Mn) | Potential intervention strategy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 84 | Machinery & Equipment | 630,700 | 1,669 | 79 | Diversification |
| 85 | Electricals & Electronics | 583,594 | 966 | 171 | Scaling up |
| 87 | Vehicles & Auto-components | 542,412 | 744 | 56 | Diversification |
| 72 & 73 | Iron and Steel articles | 238,696 | 1,668 | 163 | Scaling up |
| 61 & 62 | Apparels | 164,679 | 1,868 | 649 | Scaling up |
| 90 | Optical, photographic, cinematographic devices | 166,651 | 317 | 34 | Diversification |
| 29 | Organic Chemical | 159,704 | 1,693 | 99 | Scaling up |
| 94 | Furnitures | 82,646 | 216 | 50 | Diversification |
| 64 & 42 | Leather goods & Footwear | 80,836 | 985 | 571 | Scaling up |
| 71 | Gems & Jewelry | 71,641 | 1163 | 18 | Diversification |
| 57 | Carpets & floor coverings | 4,340 | 153 | 112 | Scaling up |
The GSP has three categories Standard GSP designed for the countries with low or lower middle-income group, where in the custom duties are either removed or reduced 2/3 of tariff lines. GSP+ for the highly vulnerable low and lower-middle income countries wherein the tariff are slashed to 0% and EBA (Everything But Arms) this is designed for the least developed countries enabling them to have access to all products at duty-free and quota-free rates, except for arms and ammunitions. India falls under the Standard GSP.
Uttar Pradesh’s export capabilities in select sectors resonates with the consumer demands in European Union. At a global level, the priority sectors are classified on based on their RCA scores to identify the relevant export promotion strategies. The traditional sectors for which UP has a competitive advantage are selected for scaling up globally. Similarly, the sunrise sectors are selected for product development and market diversification to boost exports as shown in Figure 5. Also, the state government has shortlisted products with a high export potential for each district of the state under the ‘Districts as Export Hubs’ initiative. At a country level, the export trends are analyzed to identify country level strategies for export promotion as described in table 3. Further, to support exporters of the state in scaling of exports, the government of Uttar Pradesh through Export Promotion Bureau – Uttar Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh Export Promotion Council has planned to undertake the following initiatives: 1. Identifying and connecting with Sectoral bodies (for priority sectors) based in EU 2. Identifying importers and their sourcing needs 3. List of key events where UP's exporters shall participate 4. Facilitate visit of EU’s Importers to UP in key trade events that may be organized by Government of Uttar Pradesh 5. Identification of online platforms where UP's exporters should register for exporting their products to meet sourcing requirements of importers
European Union is an economic union of 27 member countries, located in Europe. The countries are namely, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, and Sweden . It is a USD 15.6 Trillion economy with a population of 447 million averaged for the period of 2018-2020. The GDP has grown at CAGR 2.4% from USD 13.55 Trillion in 2015 to USD 15.29 Trillion in 2020.
(All values in USD Million)
| Exporters | Imported value in 2018 | Imported value in 2019 | Imported value in 2020 | 3 year average | % share |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 5,604,757 | 5,380,398 | 5,003,518 | 5,329,558 | 100% |
| Germany | 750,300 | 700,228 | 655,807 | 702,112 | 13% |
| China | 447,639 | 450,831 | 489,438 | 462,636 | 9% |
| Netherlands | 336,299 | 314,986 | 293,659 | 314,981 | 6% |
| France | 306,149 | 293,732 | 261,227 | 287,036 | 5% |
| United States of America | 283,326 | 292,071 | 265,187 | 280,195 | 5% |
| Italy | 266,539 | 251,555 | 238,616 | 252,237 | 5% |
| Belgium | 229,152 | 213,518 | 194,723 | 212,464 | 4% |
| United Kingdom | 212,613 | 199,833 | 175,622 | 196,022 | 4% |
| Spain | 189,737 | 183,694 | 172,797 | 182,076 | 3% |
| Poland | 174,724 | 175,217 | 176,957 | 175,633 | 3% |
| Russian Federation | 174,672 | 151,494 | 100,930 | 142,365 | 3% |
| Czech Republic | 135,856 | 130,314 | 121,910 | 129,360 | 2% |
| Switzerland | 120,967 | 121,084 | 125,541 | 122,531 | 2% |
| Austria | 111,915 | 107,594 | 101,285 | 106,931 | 2% |
| Hungary | 87,132 | 87,158 | 84,342 | 86,211 | 2% |
| Japan | 89,839 | 88,588 | 78,643 | 85,690 | 2% |
| Sweden | 88,473 | 82,863 | 78,606 | 83,314 | 2% |
| Turkey | 83,717 | 82,482 | 76,766 | 80,988 | 2% |
| Ireland | 73,998 | 76,805 | 83,430 | 78,078 | 1% |
| Slovakia | 65,876 | 63,660 | 57,464 | 62,333 | 1% |
| Korea, Republic of | 60,585 | 57,568 | 55,521 | 57,892 | 1% |
| Norway | 68,091 | 57,870 | 46,921 | 57,627 | 1% |
| Romania | 55,816 | 53,391 | 48,839 | 52,682 | 1% |
| Denmark | 54,020 | 50,728 | 49,444 | 51,397 | 1% |
| Viet Nam | 47,525 | 47,484 | 48,711 | 47,907 | 1% |
| India | 49,497 | 48,420 | 42,360 | 46,759 | 1% |
| Others | 1,040,300 | 997,228 | 878,776 | 972,102 | 18% |
(All values in USD Million)
| HS Code | Product Description | Imported value in 2018 | Imported value in 2019 | Imported value in 2020 | 3 year average | % share |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 'TOTAL | All Products | 5,604,275 | 5,379,929 | 5,002,967 | 5,329,057 | 100% |
| '84 | Machinery, mechanical appliances, nuclear reactors, boilers; parts thereof | 653,067 | 636,835 | 602,199 | 630,700 | 12% |
| '85 | Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles | 588,843 | 580,468 | 581,470 | 583,594 | 11% |
| '87 | Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories thereof | 571,016 | 566,961 | 489,258 | 542,412 | 10% |
| '27 | Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes | 653,232 | 582,176 | 378,176 | 537,862 | 10% |
| '30 | Pharmaceutical products | 252,355 | 256,956 | 290,370 | 266,560 | 5% |
| '39 | Plastics and articles thereof | 226,611 | 210,702 | 200,248 | 212,520 | 4% |
| '90 | Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof | 166,558 | 167,636 | 165,760 | 166,651 | 3% |
| '29 | Organic chemicals | 171,457 | 156,613 | 151,041 | 159,704 | 3% |
| '72 | Iron and steel | 162,785 | 138,348 | 114,608 | 138,580 | 3% |
| '73 | Articles of iron or steel | 106,412 | 100,861 | 93,073 | 100,115 | 2% |
| '62 | Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted | 85,471 | 85,144 | 78,573 | 83,063 | 2% |
| '94 | Furniture; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings, not elsewhere specified or included; illuminated signs, illuminated nameplates and the like; prefabricated buildings | 83,664 | 83,195 | 81,080 | 82,646 | 2% |
| '61 | Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted | 83,971 | 83,562 | 77,314 | 81,616 | 2% |
| '38 | Miscellaneous chemical products | 75,545 | 74,445 | 83,592 | 77,861 | 1% |
| '88 | Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof | 83,015 | 84,959 | 58,850 | 75,608 | 1% |
| '71 | Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin | 67,491 | 67,715 | 79,715 | 71,641 | 1% |
| '76 | Aluminium and articles thereof | 74,754 | 67,004 | 60,320 | 67,359 | 1% |
| '48 | Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard | 70,120 | 65,666 | 61,829 | 65,872 | 1% |
| '40 | Rubber and articles thereof | 67,094 | 62,405 | 58,121 | 62,540 | 1% |
| '64 | Footwear, gaiters and the like; parts of such articles | 57,909 | 58,097 | 52,901 | 56,302 | 1% |
| '99 | Commodities not elsewhere specified | 54,875 | 55,037 | 54,155 | 54,689 | 1% |
| '08 | Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons | 48,316 | 46,487 | 51,096 | 48,633 | 1% |
| '44 | Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal | 48,407 | 44,958 | 44,756 | 46,040 | 1% |
| '33 | Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery, cosmetic or toilet preparations | 44,426 | 44,216 | 42,022 | 43,554 | 1% |
| '74 | Copper and articles thereof | 44,859 | 40,184 | 39,696 | 41,580 | 1% |
| '03 | Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates | 43,376 | 41,206 | 38,290 | 40,958 | 1% |
| Others | 1,018,644 | 978,094 | 974,453 | 990,397 | 19% |
(All values in USD Million)
| HS Code (6 digit) | Product Description | Share in European Union’s import at the HS 2 level | Average share in global imports at HS2 level | Global exports by India | India’s share in global exports | Global exports by Uttar Pradesh |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HS 84 – Machinery, mechanical appliances and equipment | ||||||
| '847130 | Data-processing machines, automatic, portable, weighing <=1 0 kg, consisting of at least a central processing unit, a keyboard and a display (excluding peripheral units) | 7% | 7% | 49 | 0.03% | 0.9 |
| '847330 | Parts and accessories of automatic data-processing machines or for other machines | 3% | 6% | 103 | 0.1% | 9.4 |
| '841191 | Parts of turbojets or turbopropellers, n.e.s. | 3% | 3% | 110 | 0.2% | 0 |
| '847170 | Storage units for automatic data-processing machines | 3% | 4% | 29 | 0.04% | 0.16 |
| '844399 | Parts and accessories of printers, copying machines and facsimile machines, n.e.s. (excluding of printing machinery used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components) | 3% | 2% | 33 | 0.1% | 4 |
| '847150 | Processing units for automatic data-processing machines, whether or not containing in the same housing one or two of the following types of unit: storage units, input units, output units | 2% | 4% | 45 | 0.1% | 0.5 |
| '840999 | Processing units for automatic data-processing machines, whether or not containing in the same housing one or two of the following types of unit: storage units, input units, output units | 2% | 1% | 723 | 2.2% | 40 |
| '848180 | Appliances for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like (excluding pressure-reducing valves, valves for the control of pneumatic power transmission, check "non-return" valves and safety or relief valves) | 2% | 2% | 806 | 1.5% | 14.7 |
| '841112 | Turbojets of a thrust > 25 kN | 2% | 3% | 2967 | 6.1% | 1.7 |
| '840820 | Compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine "diesel or semi-diesel engine", for the propulsion of vehicles | 2% | 1% | 268 | 0.9% | 1.9 |
| Total of top 10 commodities | 30% | 5132 | 73.3 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 84 | 70% | 14769 | 556.7 | |||
| HS 87 - Vehicles & Auto-components | ||||||
| '870332 | Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars, with compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine "diesel or semi-diesel engine" of a cylinder capacity > 1.500 cm³ but <=2 .500 cm³ | 13% | 7% | 179 | 0.2% | 0.72 |
| '870322 | Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars, with spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine of a cylinder capacity > 1.000 cm³ but <=1 .500 cm³ | 10% | 8% | 2795 | 2.6% | 8.5 |
| '870323 | Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars, with spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine of a cylinder capacity > 1.500 cm³ but <=3 .000 cm³ | 8% | 18% | 1768 | 0.7% | 0.2 |
| '870899 | Parts and accessories, for tractors, motor vehicles for the transport of ten or more persons, motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles, n.e.s. | 7% | 6% | 2510 | 3.0% | 131.5 |
| '870829 | Parts and accessories of bodies for tractors, motor vehicles for the transport of ten or more persons, motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles (excluding bumpers and parts thereof and safety seat belts) | 6% | 5% | 151 | 0.2% | 0.34 |
| '870321 | Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars, with spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine of a cylinder capacity <=1 .000 cm³ | 5% | 3% | 1404 | 3.8% | 0.19 |
| '870421 | Motor vehicles for the transport of goods, with compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine "diesel or semi-diesel engine" of a gross vehicle weight > 5 t but <=2 0 t | 5% | 4% | 226 | 0.4% | 0.22 |
| '870840 | Gear boxes and parts thereof, for tractors, motor vehicles for the transport of ten or more persons, motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles, n.e.s | 4% | 5% | 388 | 0.6% | 7 |
| '870331 | Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars, with compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine "diesel or semi-diesel engine" of a cylinder capacity <=1 .500 cm³ | 3% | 1% | 101 | 0.5% | 0.3 |
| '870333 | Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars, with compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine "diesel or semi-diesel engine" of a cylinder capacity > 2.500 cm³ | 3% | 2% | 8 | 0.03% | 0.15 |
| Total of top 10 commodities | 64% | 9531 | 149.12 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 87 | 36% | 6698 | 358.98 | |||
| HS 85 - Electrical & Electronics | ||||||
| '851712 | "Telephones for cellular networks" "mobile telephones" " or for other wireless networks" | 11% | 10% | 2496 | 0.9% | 1684 |
| '851762 | Machines for the reception, conversion and transmission or regeneration of voice, images or other data, incl. switching and routing apparatus (excluding telephone sets, telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks) | 8% | 6% | 568 | 0.4% | 4.7 |
| '854231 | Electronic integrated circuits as processors and controllers, whether or not combined with memories, converters, logic circuits, amplifiers, clock and timing circuits, or other circuits | 5% | 12% | 84 | 0.0% | 30 |
| '854239 | Electronic integrated circuits (excluding such as processors, controllers, memories and amplifiers) | 3% | 9% | 144 | 0.1% | 77 |
| '853710 | Boards, cabinets and similar combinations of apparatus for electric control or the distribution of electricity, for a voltage <=1 .000 V | 3% | 2% | 413 | 0.7% | 16.2 |
| '850440 | Static converters | 3% | 2% | 995 | 1.6% | 13 |
| '854430 | Ignition wiring sets and other wiring sets for vehicles, aircraft or ships | 3% | 1% | 215 | 0.6% | 63.2 |
| '852990 | Parts suitable for use solely or principally with transmission and reception apparatus for radio-broadcasting or television, television cameras,digital cameras, video camera recorders, radar apparatus, radio navigational aid apparatus or radio remote control apparatus, monitors and projectors, n.e.s. (excluding for aerials and aerial reflectors of all kinds) | 2% | 2% | 128 | 0.2% | 27.5 |
| '852872 | Reception apparatus for television, colour, whether or not incorporating radio-broadcast receivers or sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus, designed to incorporate a video display or screen | 2% | 2% | 7 | 0.01% | 0.7 |
| '850760 | Lithium-ion accumulators (excluding spent) | 2% | 1% | 8 | 0.02% | 2.2 |
| Total of top 10 commodities | 43% | 5059 | 1918.5 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 85 | 57% | 8366 | 426.5 | |||
| HS 72 & 73 - Iron and Steel Articles | ||||||
| '732690 | Articles of iron or steel, n.e.s. (excluding cast articles or articles of iron or steel wire) | 7% | 7% | 731 | 1.7% | 332 |
| '730890 | Structures and parts of structures, of iron or steel, n.e.s. (excluding bridges and bridge-sections, towers and lattice masts, doors and windows and their frames, thresholds for doors, props and similar equipment for scaffolding, shuttering, propping or pit-propping) | 4% | 5% | 483 | 1.3% | 13.1 |
| '721049 | Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of >= 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled "cold-reduced", not corrugated, plated or coated with zinc (excluding electrolytically plated or coated with zinc) | 4% | 3% | 350 | 1.6% | 0.14 |
| '731815 | Threaded screws and bolts, of iron or steel, whether or not with their nuts and washers (excluding coach screws and other wood screws, screw hooks and screw rings, self-tapping screws, lag screws, stoppers, plugs and the like, threaded) | 3% | 3% | 280 | 1.5% | 1.9 |
| '720449 | Waste and scrap of iron or steel (excluding slag, scale and other waste of the production of iron and steel; radioactive waste and scrap; fragments of pigs, blocks or other primary forms of pig iron or spiegeleisen; waste and scrap of cast iron, alloy steel or tinned iron or steel; turnings, shavings, chips, milling waste, sawdust, filings, trimmings and stampings; waste and scrap of primary cells, primary batteries and electric accumulators) | 2% | 4% | 2 | 0.01% | 0.01 |
| '720712 | Semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel containing, by weight, < 0,25% of carbon, of rectangular "other than square" cross-section, the width measuring>= twice the thickness | 2% | 2% | 76 | 0.7% | 0 |
| '720851 | Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width >= 600 mm, not in coils, simply hot-rolled, not clad, plated or coated, of a thickness of > 10 mm, without patterns in relief | 2% | 2% | 215 | 2.3% | 0.03 |
| '721933 | Flat-rolled products of stainless steel, of a width of >= 600 mm, not further worked than cold-rolled "cold-reduced", of a thickness of > 1 mm but < 3 mm | 2% | 1% | 64 | 0.9% | 0 |
| '721070 | Flat products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of >= 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled ""cold-reduced"", painted, varnished or coated with plastics | 2% | 1% | 98 | 0.8% | 0.15 |
| '721391 | Bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils, of iron or non-alloy steel, of circular cross-section measuring < 14 mm in diameter (excluding bars and rods of free-cutting steel, and bars and rods with indentations, ribs, grooves or other deformations produced during the rolling process) | 1% | 1% | 165 | 2.2% | 0 |
| Total of top 10 commodities | 29% | 2464 | 347.33 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 72 & 73 | 71% | 14,530 | 379.67 | |||
| HS 29 - Organic Chemicals | ||||||
| '293379 | Lactams (excluding 6-hexanelactam "epsilon-caprolactam", clobazam "INN", methyprylon "INN", and inorganic or organic compounds of mercury) | 9% | 4% | 98 | 1% | 0.6 |
| '293359 | Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom[s] only, containing a pyrimidine ring, whether or not hydrogenated, or piperazine ring in the structure (excluding malonylurea "barbituric acid" and its derivatives, allobarbital "INN", amobarbital "INN", barbital "INN", butalbital "INN", butobarbital "INN", cyclobarbital "INN", methylphenobarbital "INN", pentobarbital "INN", phenobarbital "INN", secbutabarbital "INN", secobarbital "INN", vinylbital "INN", loprazolam "INN", mecloqualone "INN", methaqualone "INN" and zipeprol "INN", and salts thereof) | 6% | 5% | 371 | 2% | 4.7 |
| '293339 | Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom[s] only, containing an unfused pyridine ring, whether or not hydrogenated, in the structure (excluding pyridine, piperidine, alfentanil "INN", anileridine "INN", bezitramide "INN", bromazepam "INN", difenoxin "INN", diphenoxylate "INN", dipipanone "INN", fentanyl "INN", ketobemidone "INN", methylphenidate "INN", pentazocine "INN", pethidine "INN", pethidine "INN" intermediate A, phencyclidine "INN" "PCP", phenoperidine "INN", pipradol "INN", piritramide "INN", propiram "INN", trimeperidine "INN", and salts thereof, and inorganic or organic compounds of mercury) | 5% | 3% | 664 | 5% | 42 |
| '293399 | Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom[s] only (excluding those containing an unfused pyrazole, imidazole, pyridine or triazine ring, whether or not hydrogenated, a quinoline or isoquinoline ring-system, not further fused, whether or not hydrogenated, a pyrimidine ring, whether or not hydrogenated, or piperazine ring in the structure, and lactams, alprazolam "INN", camazepam "INN", chlordiazepoxide "INN", clonazepam "INN", clorazepate, delorazepam "INN", diazepam "INN", estazolam "INN", ethyl loflazepate "INN", fludiazepam "INN", flunitrazepam "INN", flurazepam "INN", halazepam "INN", lorazepam "INN", lormetazepam "INN", mazindol "INN", medazepam "INN", midazolam "INN", nimetazepam "INN", nitrazepam "INN", nordazepam "INN", oxazepam "INN", pinazepam "INN", prazepam "INN", pyrovalerone "INN", temazepam "INN", tetrazepam "INN" and triazolam "INN", and salts thereof) | 4% | 4% | 863 | 6% | 4 |
| '293499 | Nucleic acids and their salts, whether or not chemically defined; heterocyclic compounds (excluding with oxygen only or with nitrogen hetero-atom[s] only, compounds containing in the structure an unfused thiazole ring or a benzothiazole or phenothiazine ring-system, not further fused and aminorex "INN", brotizolam "INN", clotiazepam "INN", cloxazolam "INN", dextromoramide "INN", haloxazolam "INN", ketazolam "INN", mesocarb "INN", oxazolam "INN", pemoline "INN", phendimetrazine "INN", phenmetrazine "INN", sufentanil "INN", and salts thereof, and inorganic or organic compounds of mercury whether or not chemically defined, and products of 3002 10) | 4% | 4% | 516 | 3% | 4.7 |
| '293719 | Polypeptide hormones, protein hormones and glycoprotein hormones, their derivatives and structural analogues, used primarily as hormones (excluding somatropin, its derivatives and structural analogues, and insulin and its salts) | 3% | 2% | 33 | 0.4% | 0 |
| '293590 | Sulphonamides (excl. perfluorooctane sulphonamides) | 3% | 3% | 240 | 2% | 1.9 |
| '292249 | "Amino-acids and their esters; salts thereof (excluding those with > one kind of oxygen function, ... | 3% | 2% | 192 | 3% | 10.5 |
| '294190 | Antibiotics (excluding penicillins and their derivatives with a penicillanic acid structure, salts thereof, streptomycins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol and erythromycin, their derivatives and salts thereof) | 2% | 2% | 543 | 7% | 8.33 |
| '290121 | Ethylene | 2% | 2% | 144 | 2% | 0 |
| Total of top 10 commodities | 42% | 3665 | 76.73 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 29 | 58% | 14165 | 457.27 | |||
| HS 57 -Carpets | ||||||
| '570330 | Carpets and other floor coverings, of man-made textile materials, tufted "needle punched", whether or not made up (excluding those of nylon or other polyamides) | 20% | 21% | 143 | 4% | 13.4 |
| '570320 | Carpets and other floor coverings, of nylon or other polyamides, tufted "needle punched", whether or not made up | 25% | 18% | 9 | 0.3% | 0.53 |
| '570242 | Carpets and other floor coverings, of man-made textile materials, woven, not tufted or flocked, of pile construction, made up (excluding Kelem, Schumacks, Karamanie and similar hand-woven rugs) | 13% | 18% | 37 | 1% | 6.3 |
| '570500 | Carpets and other textile floor coverings, whether or not made up (excluding knotted, woven or tufted needle punched", and of felt)" | 9% | 10% | 301 | 16% | 71.4 |
| Total of top 4 commodities | 67% | 489.37 | 91.63 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 57 | 33% | 1230.5 | 517.37 | |||
| HS 90 - Optical photographic, device | ||||||
| '901890 | Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical or veterinary sciences, n.e.s. | 12% | 10% | 266 | 0.5% | 6.5 |
| '901839 | Needles, catheters, cannulae and the like, used in medical, surgical, dental or veterinary sciences (excluding syringes, tubular metal needles and needles for sutures) | 7% | 5% | 310 | 1.0% | 17.4 |
| '902190 | Articles and appliances, which are worn or carried, or implanted in the body, to compensate for a defect or disability (excluding artificial parts of the body, complete hearing aids and complete pacemakers for stimulating heart muscles) | 4% | 2% | 23 | 0.2% | 0.46 |
| '903289 | Regulating or controlling instruments and apparatus | 4% | 4% | 212 | 0.9% | 1.9 |
| '903180 | Instruments, appliances and machines for measuring or checking, not elsewhere specified in chapter 90 (excluding optical) | 3% | 4% | 102 | 0.4% | 3.5 |
| '902139 | Artificial parts of the body (excluding artificial teeth and dental fittings and artificial joints) | 3% | 2% | 46 | 0.4% | 0.7 |
| '902131 | Artificial joints for orthopaedic purposes | 3% | 2% | 20 | 0.2% | 0.05 |
| '902110 | Orthopaedic or fracture appliances | 3% | 2% | 45 | 0.4% | 1.9 |
| '902790 | Microtomes; parts and accessories of instruments and apparatus for physical or chemical analysis, instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking viscosity, porosity, expansion, surface tension or the like, instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking quantities of heat, sound or light, and of microtomes, n.e.s. | 2% | 2% | 27 | 0.2% | 0.44 |
| '901819 | Electro-diagnostic apparatus, incl. apparatus for functional exploratory examination or for checking physiological parameters (excluding electro-cardiographs, ultrasonic scanning apparatus, magnetic resonance imaging apparatus and scintigraphic apparatus) | 2% | 2% | 99 | 0.8% | 0.12 |
| Total of top 10 commodities | 43% | 1151 | 33.0 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 90 | 57% | 2085 | 95 | |||
| HS 94 - Furniture | ||||||
| '940190 | Parts of seats, n.e.s. | 16% | 13% | 65 | 0.2% | 8.2 |
| '940360 | Wooden furniture (excluding for offices, kitchens and bedrooms, and seats) | 11% | 10% | 540 | 2.1% | 39.2 |
| '940540 | Electric lamps and lighting fittings, n.e.s. | 7% | 7% | 34 | 0.1% | 3.2 |
| '940510 | Chandeliers and other electric ceiling or wall lighting fittings (excluding for lighting public open spaces or thoroughfares) | 7% | 7% | 54 | 0.3% | 21.1 |
| '940390 | Parts of furniture, n.e.s. (excluding of seats and medical, surgical, dental or veterinary furniture) | 7% | 6% | 30 | 0.2% | 6.9 |
| '940161 | Upholstered seats, with wooden frames (excluding convertible into beds) | 7% | 8% | 17 | 0.1% | 0.2 |
| '940320 | Metal furniture (excluding for offices, seats and medical, surgical, dental or veterinary furniture) | 6% | 7% | 134 | 0.8% | 19.7 |
| '940490 | Articles of bedding and similar furnishing, fitted with springs or stuffed or internally filled with any material or of cellular rubber or plastics (excluding mattress supports, mattresses, sleeping bags, pneumatic or water mattresses and pillows, blankets and covers) | 4% | 4% | 462 | 4.0% | 104.8 |
| '940350 | Wooden furniture for bedrooms (excluding seats) | 3% | 5% | 12 | 0.1% | 0.21 |
| Total of top 9 commodities | 68% | 1348 | 203.5 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 94 | 32% | 424 | 85.5 | |||
| HS 71 - Gems and Jewelry | ||||||
| '710812 | Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, unwrought, for non-monetary purposes (excluding gold in powder form) | 16% | 38% | 117 | 0.05% | 0 |
| '711319 | Articles of jewellery and parts thereof, of precious metal other than silver, whether or not plated or clad with precious metal (excluding articles > 100 years old) | 12% | 11% | 9885 | 11% | 391 |
| '710231 | Non-industrial diamonds unworked or simply sawn, cleaved or bruted (excluding industrial diamonds) | 10% | 5% | 1055 | 3% | 0 |
| '710813 | Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, in semi-manufactured forms, for non-monetary purposes | 8% | 14% | 2 | 0.002% | 0 |
| '711299 | Waste and scrap of silver, incl. metal clad with silver, and other waste and scrap containing silver or silver compounds, of a kind used principally for the recovery of precious metal (excluding ash, and waste and scrap of precious metals melted down into unworked blocks, ingots or similar forms) | 7% | 2% | 124 | 1% | 0.32 |
| '710239 | Diamonds, worked, but not mounted or set (excluding industrial diamonds) | 7% | 10% | 19829 | 27% | 0.01 |
| '711292 | Waste and scrap of platinum, incl. metal clad with platinum, and other waste and scrap containing platinum or platinum compounds, of a kind used principally for the recovery of precious metal (excluding ash containing platinum or platinum compounds, waste and scrap of platinum melted down into unworked blocks, ingots, or similar forms, and sweepings and ash containing precious metals) | 6% | 1% | 1 | 0.02% | 0.15 |
| Total of top 7 commodities | 67% | 31013 | 391.48 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 71 | 43% | 2766 | 41.52 | |||
| HS 61 & 62 - Apparels | ||||||
| '610910 | T-shirts, singlets and other vests of cotton, knitted or crocheted | 7% | 7% | 1728 | 5.7% | 48.1 |
| '620342 | Men's or boys' trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and shorts, of cotton (excluding knitted or crocheted, underpants and swimwear) | 7% | 6% | 439 | 1.8% | 12.1 |
| '611030 | Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and similar articles, of man-made fibres, knitted or crocheted (excluding wadded waistcoats) | 5% | 6% | 69 | 0.3% | 3.8 |
| '611020 | Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and similar articles, of cotton, knitted or crocheted (excluding wadded waistcoats) | 5% | 6% | 170 | 0.7% | 18.7 |
| '620462 | Women's or girls' trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and shorts of cotton (excluding knitted or crocheted, panties and swimwear) | 5% | 4% | 196 | 1.0% | 21.7 |
| '610990 | T-shirts, singlets and other vests of textile materials, knitted or crocheted (excluding cotton) | 3% | 3% | 602 | 4.0% | 17.4 |
| '620293 | Women's or girls' anoraks, windcheaters, wind jackets and similar articles, of man-made fibres (not knitted or crocheted and excluding suits, ensembles, jackets, blazers, trousers and tops of ski suits) | 3% | 2% | 3 | 0.03% | 0.07 |
| '620193 | Men's or boys' anoraks, windcheaters, wind jackets and similar articles, of man-made fibres (not knitted or crocheted and excluding suits, ensembles, jackets, blazers, trousers and tops of ski suits) | 2% | 2% | 5 | 0.1% | 0.08 |
| '620520 | Men's or boys' shirts of cotton (excluding knitted or crocheted, nightshirts, singlets and other vests) | 2% | 2% | 709 | 7.1% | 8.5 |
| '620640 | Women's or girls' blouses, shirts and shirt-blouses of man-made fibres (excluding knitted or crocheted and vests) | 2% | 2% | 470 | 7.2% | 146.3 |
| Total of top 10 commodities | 42% | 4391 | 276.75 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 61 & 62 | 58% | 10,319 | 1528.25 | |||
| HS 64 & 42 - Leather Goods and Footwear | ||||||
| '640399 | Footwear with outer soles of rubber | 16% | 13% | 285 | 1.1% | 108.6 |
| '640411 | Sports footwear, incl. tennis shoes, basketball shoes, gym shoes, training shoes and the like, with outer soles of rubber or plastics and uppers of textile materials | 10% | 9% | 148 | 1.0% | 4.5 |
| '640419 | Footwear with outer soles of rubber or plastics and uppers of textile materials (excluding sports footwear, incl. tennis shoes, basketball shoes, gym shoes, training shoes and the like, and toy footwear) | 10% | 11% | 73 | 0.3% | 8.7 |
| '640299 | Footwear with outer soles and uppers of rubber or plastics (excluding covering the ankle or with upper straps or thongs assembled to the sole by means of plugs, waterproof footwear of heading 6401, sports footwear, orthopaedic footwear and toy footwear) | 8% | 9% | 111 | 0.5% | 14.5 |
| '640391 | Footwear with outer soles of rubber, plastics or composition leather, with uppers of leather, covering the ankle (excluding incorporating a protective metal toecap, sports footwear, orthopaedic footwear and toy footwear) | 7% | 6% | 813 | 6.9% | 451.2 |
| '420292 | Travelling-bags, insulated food or beverage bags, toilet bags, rucksacks, shopping-bags, map-cases, tool bags, sports bags, jewellery boxes, cutlery cases, binocular cases, camera cases, musical instrument cases, gun cases, holsters and similar containers, with outer surface of plastic sheeting or textile materials (excluding trunks, briefcases, school satchels and similar containers, handbags and articles carried in the pocket or handbag) | 7% | 8% | 11 | 0.1% | 4.2 |
| '420221 | Handbags, whether or not with shoulder straps, incl. those without handles, with outer surface of leather, composition leather or patent leather | 5% | 7% | 375 | 2.5% | 45.7 |
| '420222 | Handbags, whether or not with shoulder straps, incl. those without handles, with outer surface of plastic sheeting or textile materials | 4% | 5% | 304 | 2.3% | 36.1 |
| Total of top 8 commodities | 68% | 2121 | 673.5 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 64 & 42 | 32% | 2693 | 510.5 | |||
